Nozzle for turbine-engines.



Ho. 813,806. PATENTBD FEB. 27, 1906.

' H. LEKTZ.

NOZZLE FOR TURBINE ENGINES APPLIOATIOH FILED OUT. 1?, 1905.

ms ATTELRNE'.

UNITED sTA r srATENT OFFICE.

HUGO LENTL'OF BERLlN, GERMANY.

,Nozzrs FOR No. 813,806, ii,

Specification of Letters Batcn t.

Tongue-Engines.

Patented. Feb. 2'7, 1906.

TH Original application filed Ap 4, 1905. herial Ke- Zfiiififi. Bivided and this application filed October 17,1905. Serial No 983,091-

.TO all whom it rib/Ly concern:

Be it known that I, Huoo LENTz, ansnh- 'ject of the German Emperor, residing at 10- 11 Potsdamcrstrasse,;Berlin, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Nozzles for Turbine-Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same. I

The object of this invention is the production'of a novel form of supply-nozzle for steam or gas turbines and w rich results in economy of maintenance and in increased ower of the wheel to which the nozzle de iversthe pressure medium.

This av plication is a division of an application fied b mc April 4, 1905, Serial No. 253,753, for otters Patent of the United States.

It has been observed that at the outflow of elastic liquid from a simple though wellrounded mouth into the open atmosphere a certain outflow s ecd corresponding to the velocity of sounc s never exceeded. However, in order to commute the steam energy in as complete a manner as possible into innetic energy and to produce therewith mechanical working effect in a turbine Dc Laval has constructed a nozzle with a conical enlargement wherein the steam expands until the steam compression is attained and its particles hastened in the measure of the transformed energy of heat. The various forms of such conical nozzles comprise, so far as I am aware,- chambers closed on all sides and which continuously surround the are pending jet of liquid which is bein delivered.

Theoretical considerations 0? turbines teach that as tangential an impact as possihis is to be aimed at, although the conditions of construction usually make the selection of a proportionately larger angle of impact unnecessary. The nearer the theoretic conditions are a preached the thinner will be the nozzle-Wall s until the attainable limit is reached. The production of such thin walls results in a nozzle-Wall tapering to and terminating in a wedge'shape point'which is not only difficult to reduce, but readily breaks and causes di culties, especially at.

the sharp outer edges.

'1 have devised a new and simple form of nozzle which does not have the defects n1entioned and bv which I realize more closely than heretofore the theoretically-desirable conditions. The new nozzle is so arranged with respect to the turbine-wheel that. the paddles of such wheel partially constitute the walls of the nozzle. Obviously such new features of construction may also be embodied in the steam races or channels which represent the steam to the some wheel or which project it against the paddles of another wheel.

Figures i, :2, and 3 of the accompanying drawings show somewhat diagrammath-ally one form of such invention.

0. indicates the nozzle, which may be of n nv form desired. One wall or side of the nozziu is much shorterthan the opposite wnll, and the paddles ol" the runningovhocl constitute, in effect, a continuation of such shorter wall or side, and the steam isns a. consequence more directly and positively driven against the paddles than in the vase of nozzles all whose sides or walls were of rorrespomling length. The longer wall or extremity of the nozzle is shown at 1 in tho automponylng drawings.

Fig. 1 is a bottom view of the preferred form of new supply-nozzle. Fig. 2 is 11 sectionai view thereof, illustrating the. angle at which the pressure medium is delivered and Fig. 3 is a detail view at the dotted line. of Figs. 1 and 2 and also showing the relation of the arts.

Itwill be seen that the nozzle a. has one lon forward overhanging end d, which extends alongside of several of the paddles c s of the runnin wheel I) and also has a very short rear and w rich may be said to constitute the beginning of the nozzle. ,The further provision of the side walls of the nozzle converts the same into an inverted shell-like nozzle ada ted to deliver the pressure medium directl against the impact-facesof the paddles, whic paddles, in effect, constitute a continuation of the short rear end of the nozzle and are the part of the nozzle wherein the expansion of the steam takes place. It will further be observed that m new nozzle is not thinned throughout its on th or otherwise weakened and that the delivery extremities of my new nozzle are as thick and as strong as any other parts thereof.

The form of nozzle here under consideration is easy to reduce, is durable, and is without defects in operation, owing to the breakage or other cause. It also permits the employment of acute impact angles not heretofore to be considered, owing to the dilfieulties encountered in producing prior forms of nozzles. The selection of the acute an les also permits when the new form of nozz e is used the em loyment of a form of addles upon the tur ine-wheel having broa faces, as shown in Fig. 9, without losses in, impulse and consequent decrease in efficiency.

It will be understood, of course, that my invention may be embodied in nozzles of any kind used with turbine running-wheels, in-

cluding reverse-guiding or re-presenting devices.

Havin described my invention, what I claim an desire to secure is- 1. In a turbine-engine, a turbine runnin wheel provided with paddles, and a nozz e for delivering pressure medium thereto, said nozzle consisting of successive narrowing and broadening parts, one wall of the broadening part havin an opening which runs back to g the point e connection of the narrowing and broadening parts, and which opening is closed by the paddles of the running-wheel.

2. In a turbine-engine, a turbine runningwheel provided with paddles, and a nozzle for delivering pressure medium thereto, said nozzle consisting of successive narrowing and broadening parts, the said broadening part havin top and side walls running forward from t 0 point of connection of the narrow- -ing and broadening parts, the bottom wall being entirely cut away forwardly from said oint of connection, the o ening thus formed eingl closed by the paddies of the runningwhee In-testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUGO LENTZ. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

